醫學筆記匯整 ED Notes

Checklist

 - Linear probe with Doppler
 - Are the testicles within the scrotum ?
 - Is the testicle homogeneous ? Focal abnormalities ? Asymmetry ?
 - Symmetric flow (vascularization) present in the testicles ?
 - Changes caused by the Valsava maneuver ?
 - Comparison, Echogenicity, Fluid or Gas, Contour

Hydrocele : Fluid accumulation, anechogenic collection in the tunica vaginalis
Varicocele : Dilated peritesticular veins, often left side
 - Multiple tortuous dilated veins (lateral, posterior or superior of the testicle).
 - Increased venous flow in the Valsava maneuver (straining/coughing).

Spermatocele : Most common scrotal masses
Bony cystic structures filled with (dead) sperm cells.
Located in the epididymal head. Rarely symptomatic.

Ultrasound characteristics

    Sharply delineated hypoechogenic lesions.
    May contain echogenic debris (sperm cells).
 

Testicular torsion :
Swelling, reduced echogenicity (= blacker) and reactive hydrocele.
In some cases, the twisted spermatic cord can be seen cranial from the testicle

Epididymitis / Epididymo-orchitis :
Enlarged epididymis.
Reduced echogenicity
Increased color Doppler signal (vascularization)

http://www.startradiology.com/internships/urology/scrotum/scrotal-ultrasound/?fbclid=IwAR30xs1W_kMeXaX3NQCEJhJrSDHLFE_NhSWfiIZNU0VIlt1D6wSJx2A8UJI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fs2K776iZ8o