醫學筆記匯整 ED Notes

間質性膀胱炎 Interstitial cystitis ( IC ), bladder pain syndrome
好發中年女性

Symptoms :
恥骨上膀胱區脹尿痛 pain associated with the bladder
 (膀胱漲尿時感覺恥骨上區疼痛及觸痛，有時有尿道和會陰部疼痛，而排尿後症狀緩解)
Dysuria, Urinary frequency, Urgency
pressure in the bladder or pelvis during the day and night lasting more than 3 months

Pathophysiology :
 - Anxiety and stress theory
 - Genes theory
 - Autoimmune theory
 - Leaky Bladder Lining theory
 - Mast cells theory
 - Nerve damage theory

Diagnosis
is essentially based on symptoms and exclusion of other painful bladder conditions

先 U/A 排除 infection, 並且排除 tumor, stone, overactive bladder....
 ( Exclusion of any identifiable infection, disease or disorder )

Cystoscopy :
glomerulations, mucosal ulcers ( Hunner's lesion)
petechial hemorrhage

Urodynamics : poorly compliant bladder

Urinary biomarkers : Nitric oxide