醫學筆記匯整 ED Notes

 Pneumonia 

 Bronchopneumonia 支氣管肺炎 

 Bronchitis 支氣管炎 
持續的咳嗽有大量的濃痰
發炎使得支氣管分泌大量黏液
呼吸不順, 呼吸時 wheezing
可能同時還有胸悶或輕微發燒的症狀
 

 Bronchiolitis 細支氣管炎 
  - Inflammation of the bronchioles
  - 4M - 2 y/o ( 是 < 2 y/o 的診斷 )
  - Virus : RSV, Human metapneumovirus,
    adenovirus, influenza, rhinovirus, Parainfluenza viruses
  - Wheezing + Crackles, RSV 也可以高燒, 痰超多
  - CXR : hyperinflation, peribronchial atelectasis 
  - Ribavirin 可治療
  - Apneic episodes

Bronchiolitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the findings of the history and physical examination,
which include typical symptoms of rhinorrhea, tachypnea, crackles, and/or wheezing in a child <2 years of age.
 

Bronchiolitis is the most frequent cause of wheezing in infants,
and asthma is the most frerequent cause in children and adolescents.

< 1 y : bronchiolitis more common
1–2 y : mixed
> 2 y : asthma more common

Recurrent and episodic pattern, history of cough, association with triggers,
and documented response to bronchodilators are highly suggestive of asthma in a child > 2 years old.

An exposure to sick contacts during a viral season, nasal congestion,
poor feeding, and age <1 year suggest bronchiolitis.

Choking or gagging indicates possible foreign body aspiration.