Dopamine antagonist :
- Metoclopramide ( Primperan ), Domoeridone ( Emetrol )
- Prochlorperazine ( Novamin )
Antihistamine : Vena
5HT3 受體抑制劑：Ondansetron
NK1 受體拮抗劑：Aprepitant (Emend)
類固醇：Dexamethasone
- Prochlorperazine 10 mg (Novamin)
- Metoclopramide 10mg (Primperan)
Metoclopramide : given slowly to minimize extrapyramidal side effects 給慢一點有幫助
IV diphenhydramine are administered as prophylaxis against dystonia
嘔吐的成因
腹內：
- Obstruction : Gastric outlet obstruction, Ileus, Constipation, Biliary/Renal colic, Torsion
- Infection, Inflammation
- AGE, Peptic ulcer, GERD
- GB, Appendicitis, Hepatitis, Pancreatitis
- APN, Ischemic bowel
- Dysfunction (Gastroparesis, Functional vomiting)
感覺運動神經失控 (胃輕癱, 腸偽阻塞, 胃食道逆流, 功能性嘔吐) - Post operative
腹外：
- Cardiovascular : ACS, Dysrhythmia
- Vestibular : BPPV, Vestibular neuritis, Meniere's
- Neuro : IICP, Hemorrhage (SAH), Meningitis, Infarction, Migraine, Tumor/Metastasis
- Glaucoma
- Psychiatry
藥物 (化學治療, 抗生素, 口服避孕藥, 鴉片類)
代謝異常
- Electrolyte (Hyponatremia, Hypercalcemia)
- Acidosis
- Thyrotoxicosis, Uremic
- Pregnancy
Cancer 病人更要想到 : 化療藥物, 嗎啡, 腸阻塞, brain meta, 高血鈣
Neuro
Abd
Vestibular
Sympathetic
Electrolyte, Endocrine
Medication
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