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Causes :
- Non-inflammatory vascular causes
* Emboli (TIA of the eye)
* Ocular ischemia
* Impending Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
- Giant cell arteritis (Temporal arteritis)
- Retinal migraine (VL should be followed by headache within 60 mins)
- Optic neuritis – Uhthoff’s phenomenon
- Local globe/Orbit/Lid problems (e.g. glaucoma, orbitopathies, hyphema, dry eyes)
* ICA : 單側 同側 暫時性黑矇 (Amaurosis fungax)
--> 因為影響到眼動脈 (一定是單眼)
--> 因為影響到眼動脈 (一定是單眼)
* 黑矇症 Amaurosis fugax
The experience of amaurosis fugax is classically described as a
transient monocular or binocular vision loss
that appears as a black "curtain coming down vertically into the field of vision in one eye
（1）循環系統問題：
供應視網膜的血流不足或血栓, 這是較為常見的因素
Stroke 前兆
（2）眼科問題：乾眼症或視網膜剝離
（3）神經問題：多發性硬化或偏頭痛
TMVL from emboli is very difficult to differentiate clinically from GCA.
Have a low threshold to do ESR and CRP in patients over 50.
Much more likely to be arterial ischemia if :
Clear description of sudden onset and specific duration of vision loss
Description of curtain coming down or up over field of vision
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