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Symptoms:
- 容易感到飽足感
- 左上腹疼痛
- 左邊肩膀疼痛
Normal spleen : length upper limit is usually around 12-15 cm
- <200 g
- 上下 < 15 cm
其他徑 < 6 cm
- echo:長寬相乘 < 20
* Massive splenomegaly : 下緣到umbilicus
* 摸的到的 spleen 至少都有 moderate
D/D:
- Infection:
IE ,TB, Salmonella,Brucella
hepatitis, infective mononucleosis,CMV
malaria,schistosomiasis
- Autoimmune disease:
SLE
- Congestive - Portal HTN:
CHF, liver cirrosis
portal v/ hepatic v/ splenic vein thrombosis
- 破壞RBC -Spleen 功能飆升:
HS, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia,
sickle cell anemia
- Extramedullary hemopoiesis 髓外造血
- 非惡性浸潤(infiltration)造成:
sarcoidosis, storage disorders (Amyloidosis)
- Tumor:lymphoma,leukemia,myeloproliferative disease(MPD)
- Spleen本身:脾臟鈍傷或撕裂傷合併被囊內血腫(intracapsular hematoma),
splenic hemangioma, harmatoma, splenic cyst......
*MM never has a huge spleen.
* 在評估病人時,在病史上可以注意:
1. 酒精使用、肝炎、腹水、黃疸:考慮由肝硬化和門脈高壓造成的脾臟腫大
2. 年輕人:若合併發燒、喉嚨痛,考慮infectious mononucleosis
3. 發燒:須優先排除感染
4. 創傷:優先排除脾臟破裂與被囊下血腫,通常會合併左上腹疼痛→急症!
* CBC+D/C, peripheral blood smear, liver function, urine analysis, CXR,
先初步排除血液疾病和肝臟問題
*Splenectomy vaccination:
- S. pneumoniae
- Meningococcus
- H. influenzae
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